Roman Empire Map - Large Map of the Roman Empire in the Early First Century - Click around on the Places. Pedestrian Wayfinding. km / 3,119,885 sq. The New York Times defended an erroneous anti-Israel map and pro-Palestinian rhetoric used by one of its guest writers as “art” this week after readers pressured the corporate media outlet to. 10 hours ago. We apologize for any inconvenience. Prepare for your tour of Israel with our interactive map of Israel. Physical Map of Israel. citizens seeking consular assistance, please complete our crisis intake form or call +1-833-890-9595 and +1-606-641-0131 or in Israel call 03-519-7426. The Israel rail map shows all the railway stations and lines of Israel trains. The Galaxy Leader is seen at the port of Koper, Slovenia on Sept. 24% the size of Texas. Sisal Mops are used in conjunction with heavy cutting compounds such as. Israel is small in size but has a varied landscape from the fertile hills in Galilee with Mount Hermon and Golan to the Negev Desert and Eliat on the Red Sea. The first truce since the war between Israel and Hamas erupted last month went into effect on Friday morning. 8,359 sq miles. And they. Link. 5 million, of whom about 14. Add to Wish List. km. Let the BISSELL® SpinWave powered hard floor mop scrub your floors for you. The modern State of Israel was established in 1948 as a homeland for the Jewish people, but the region contains thousands of years of history for many peoples and religions in addition to the Jews. Israel - United States Department of State. Little is said of Gad, the man or the tribe. Israel Itinerary Day 14 – Back to Ben Gurion Airport. As of 31 December 2022, Israel's population was an estimated 9,656,000. Since the Oslo Accords of 1995, parts of the West Bank (including most cities) and the Gaza Strip have been governed by the Palestinian Authority (PA), a government created for them by agreement with Israel. Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Ancient Israel Map stock photos, royalty-free images, and pictures. אתר המפות הרשמי של מדינת ישראל. The resolution recommended the creation of independent Arab and Jewish States and a. Source: UN Cartographic Section. 5 x 6. All KibbutzimGaza Strip Map. The Israeli town of Sderot (Hebrew: שְׂדֵרוֹת, Arabic: سديروت), located close to the border between Israel and the Gaza Strip, has frequently. +. Terminology. The Israeli military’s seizure of Al-Shifa Hospital, Gaza’s largest medical complex, is central to the military strategy at the heart of the ground invasion: Eradicate Hamas and. Satellite imagery taken Monday morning shows the substantial scale of one of Israel’s main advances into northern Gaza, where hundreds. Map of Jewish Communities Lost in the War of Independence. Part of the area became Transjordan (now Jordan) with the remainder remaining under British control. With the Israeli Defense Forces, we traveled in a convoy of darkened Humvees to see the entrance of the newly exposed tunnel shaft in the compound of Al-Shifa Hospital. While the bulk of Israel’s missile. A surprise. c. Cities of Israel on maps. The demographics of Israel, monitored by the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, encompass various attributes that define the nation's populace. Besides the impressive archeological findings, it has incredible stories surrounding it. He told our correspondent Shona Murray, "That's where the real headquarters of Hamas is. The cartography of the region of Palestine, also known as cartography of the Holy Land and cartography of the Land of Israel, is the creation, editing, processing and printing of maps of the region of Palestine from ancient times until the rise of modern surveying techniques. Israel has a small coastline on the Red Sea in the south. Almost six weeks into the conflict, however, Israel is yet to. The largest and most populous city and designated capital of the country is Jerusalem. מאפשר: חיפושים שונים כגון כתובת, גוש/חלקה, צפייה בשכבות מידע במגוון נושאים, יכולות שיתוף מפה, יצירת שכבות מידע אישיות ועוד. Israel. donate subscribe Contact About Home. 00. The city is located in the Judaean hills about 32 km (20 mi) from the Jordan River and about 30 km west of the northern tip of the Dead Sea. מאפשר: חיפושים שונים כגון כתובת, גוש/חלקה, צפייה בשכבות מידע במגוון נושאים, יכולות שיתוף מפה, יצירת שכבות מידע אישיות ועוד. ROAD Map of Israel. She said she doesn’t feel safe because pro-Palestinian. This Orthodox monastery is considered one of the oldest in the world and is located on the territory of the Celt Valley, in the Jewish desert. Texas is approximately 678,052 sq km, while Israel is approximately 21,937 sq km, making Israel 3. Israel dropped thousands of munitions daily on targets across Gaza, but especially in the territory’s north. Commonly used after abrasive operations to get a dull finish prior to other polishing operations, if needed. Satellite map shows the land surface as it really looks like. Aesthetic Backgrounds Bundle. [11] Israel has pounded the Gaza Strip for the 49th day in a row as the besieged Palestinian enclave faces a growing humanitarian catastrophe. The earliest known reference to "Israel" as a people or tribal confederation (see Israelites) is in the Merneptah Stele, an inscription from ancient Egypt that dates to about 1208 BCE, but the people group. By Tuesday, Israel had reclaimed control of the Gaza border by pounding the enclave with the fiercest air strikes in the 75-year history of its conflict with the Palestinians. In these maps, Israel is portrayed including all land currently under its authority. For more helpful information on all Israel travel needs take a look at our Israel Vacation Guide. + (972) (2) 630. Detailed isometric physical map of the Israel-Palestine with Gaza strip, West Bank areas. The Palestinian Region's Changing Borders. Ezekiel’s final vision describes the boundaries of a restored Israel, including the allotment to each tribe and the temple. Arctic Ocean Seafloor Map - The ridges, basins, shelves and rifts defining the Arctic seafloor. Fatah- Founded by the late Yasir Arafat in the 1950s, Fatah is the largest Palestinian political faction. Received to know more around Israel, Arabic Israel, officially the State in Israel with this Free Printable Labeled and Blank site of Israel on World Map in PDF. The map on this page shows how the Promised Land was divided and occupied amongst the twelve tribes of Israel. Frequently bought together. Jezreel, (May God Give Seed), ancient city of Palestine, capital of the northern kingdom of Israel under King Ahab, located on a spur of Mt. President Joe Biden made an urgent plea over the weekend for US support to bolster Ukraine and Israel at a time of war, saying the world faces “an inflection point” that could set the course. + −. 1. Courtesy of. Tamir Kalifa for The New York Times. The tribe of Levi is missing from our map because they and their descendants. km, and America is approximately 9,833. About - Large Biblical & Modern Day Map of Israel. ₪ 509 - ₪ 1,342. S. m. Sisal's are fast cutting mops. israel map flag. Overview. The Palestinian territories are the two regions of the former British Mandate for Palestine that have been occupied by Israel since the Six-Day War of 1967, namely the West Bank (including East Jerusalem) and the Gaza Strip. UNITED NATIONS (AP) — Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu told the U. $499. 1 Chronicles 4:22 and Jokim, and the men of Cozeba, and. Add to Cart. Israel. Originally called Luz and in modern times Baytin, Bethel was important in Old Testament times and was frequently associated with Abraham and. A collection of Israel Maps; View a variety of Israel physical, political, administrative, relief map, Israel satellite image, higly detalied maps, blank map, Israel world and earth map, Israel’s regions, topography, cities, road, direction maps and atlas. The map shows Israel, (Hebrew ישראל Jisra'el), officially the State of Israel, a country in the Middle East bordering the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea. Find Israel Palestine Map stock images in HD and millions of other royalty-free stock photos, 3D objects, illustrations and vectors in the Shutterstock collection. 44 *. States map of Israel will allow you to know areas and cities of Israel in Israel. Flag. Spread the love. The carrying away of the people of Judah to Babylon was not accomplished at one time. Compare this Product. An envelope. Today, National Geographic Maps continues this mission by creating the world's best wall maps, recreation maps, atlases, and globes which inspire people to care about and explore their. 6 million) and include Muslims,. Jerusalem is the seat of government and the proclaimed capital, although the latter status has not received wide international recognition. Israel. Israel is a sovereign nation that covers an area of about 20,770 sq. Israel's military has said it is in control of all the settlements surrounding Gaza as a map released on Monday has shown the area of clashes between. The first truce since the war between Israel and Hamas erupted last month went into effect on Friday morning. The international community considers Israeli settlements to be illegal under international law, though Israel disputes this. km / 10,760 sq. A graphic by War Mapper showed the locations of the clashes in Mefalsim, and in. 18, 2023. Map of Mandatory Palestine in 1946 with cities and towns. Travelers to Israel, including the West Bank and Gaza are at increased risk of exposure to poliovirus if: 1) they work in health care settings involving direct patient contact, 2) assist in refugee camps or other humanitarian aid settings, OR 3) have limited access. Middle East. , all except Judah and part of Benjamin ), which was established. 14. The PA is officially separate from the PLO, but has historically been led by the same people. The Israeli military released a statement on Sunday saying it had found a Hamas tunnel shaft under Gaza’s al-Shifa Hospital. As you can see in the map of Israel airports the airports at Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, Elat, Rosh Pinna, and Haifa serve the country domestic air traffic. Polishing/Finishing Sisal Mop Close stitched untreated sisal mops for preparatory polishing of ferrous and non-ferrous metals Excellent for the elimination of grinding marks on. About Jerusalem: The Facts: District: Jerusalem. com 01480 216060. Map of Judaea at the time of Jesus. Palestinians celebrate near a destroyed Israeli tank at the fence separating Israel from the Gaza Strip east of Khan Younis on Oct. Become familiar with some of the major Israel travel destinations that you will visit on one of our Israel tours. File usage on other wikis. uPVC + Glass Cleaning Bundle. But rather than make any quick advance. Clearing the tunnels is an important part of Israel's military campaign against Hamas in the Gaza Strip in response to the Palestinian militant group's deadly attack on southern Israel on Oct. OK. The Israel states map is downloadable in PDF, printable and free. C. The twelve tribes are as follows: Reuben, Simeon, Judah, Issachar. They, like Reuben, settled east of the Jordan. Israel location on the Asia map. As of 23 November 2023, more than 14,300 Palestinians, including over 6,000 children, have been killed, making this the deadliest war for children this century. Sisal Hard Mop. According to Trump’s conceptual map presented in January, 2020, Israel was to to annex a smaller. For any website, blog, scientific. 7. Israel Map stock photos are available in a variety of sizes and formats to fit your needs. +972 also used. But if your flight is in the afternoon, you can drive straight from Sde Boker – Mitzpe Ramon to the airport. Aided by foreign assistance and collaboration over the past six decades, Israel domestically produces numerous cruise and ballistic missiles and has engaged in the export of missile systems to numerous other nations. Head Office, Cambridgeshire. This to-scale comparison of Texas vs. According to the Gospels (Matthew 2; Luke 2), Bethlehem was the site of the Nativity of Jesus Christ. For Embassy Branch Office Tel Aviv, e-mail [email protected] – Napoleon Bonaparte invades Israel but fails to capture it and is forced to leave. In the midst of Israel’s conflict with Gaza, the two major map platforms in China – Alibaba and Baidu – have removed the name 'Israel' from their maps, although the border of the country and the names of its major cities remain. From £6. Bethel, ancient city of Palestine, located just north of Jerusalem. The four-day cease-fire started slightly. But rather than make any quick advance. The Tabernacle of Ancient Israel - Brief Overview of the Tabernacle of Moses in the Wilderness and the Ark of the Covenant. -generated sources supported Israel’s claim that Hamas has tunnels under Al-Shifa and other hospitals. Israel Map | The map of the Israel showing all states, their capitals and political boundaries. Israeli-Palestine conflict in live news interactive map. Much of the Palestinians’ land is divided by Israeli military checkpoints. (New York Jewish Week) — A pro-Palestinian group that calls for “intifada” and Israel’s destruction temporarily posted maps online detailing the locations of Jewish organizations in New. 3% as "Others" (non-Arab Christians and people who have no religion listed). Israel stands at the crossroads of Europe, Asia and Africa. Source: NetBlocks. Check out Israel’s history, significant states, provinces/districts, & cities, most popular travel destinations and attractions, the capital city’s location, facts and. The demographics of Israel, monitored by the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, encompass various attributes that define the nation's populace. 24, 2023. Districts Map. But Judah’s escape from imperial domination would be brief. While the Israel Defense Forces have said there were between 20. For several centuries during the Middle Ages it was the most prominent subject in all of. Southern Office; Northern Office; Order Now. The maps shows the country of Israel (shaded yellow) as well as portions of its neighboring countries. 9 million people (328. C. 7 attack, and which the Hamas-run Gaza health. 8 Jul 2020. You are free to use above map for educational purposes, please refer to the Nations Online Project. 90 *. Israel and Hamas are not just in a physical war — which Israelis say killed 1,200 Israelis in Hamas’s brutal Oct. OK. By Josh Holder , Weiyi Cai and Eleanor Lutz Oct. Damage to power grids has affected water. 1550 BCE. 3D Topographic Map of Israel. Districts, Sub-Districts and Natural Regions of the State of Israel, 2018 Population density by natural region, sub-district and district in 2018 (thicker border indicates higher tier). E. In the west, Israel is bound by the Mediterranean Sea. It lies at the south tip of the Negev and at the head of the Gulf of Aqaba (Hebrew, Mifratz Elat), the eastern arm of the Red Sea. N. Here the average elevation of land is 600 to 900 m. About this item <b>THIS 5-PACK IS RECOMMENDED FOR 2-3 PEOPLE: Perfect to share and have extras if misplaced on tour - which happens often! *CRITICAL - PLEASE READ BEFORE PURCHASING TO SAVE MONEY: Two of these maps also come with two other products: "Israel for the Christian Traveler Messianic TRAVEL GUIDE". Three distinct deportations are mentioned in 2 Kings 24:14 (including 10,000 persons) and 2 Kings 25:11, one in 2 Chron 36:20, three in Jer 52:28-30 (including 4,600 persons), and one in Dan 1:3. A senior Israeli minister has said the Palestinian village of Huwara should be “wiped out” days after far-right settlers went on a rampage in the occupied West Bank villages, torching dozens. Subscribe to. OCTOBER 28, 2019 19:27. 2203x1558px / 607 Kb Go to Map. In Israel there is a building, on the road to which one is extremely complicated. The Hamas militants who launched a bloody attack on Israel last month have built a maze of hidden tunnels some believe extend across most if not all of Gaza, the territory they control. File usage on Commons. The country's coastal plain along the Mediterranean Sea is home to major cities like Tel Aviv and Haifa, while. Add to Wish List. Dry Sisal mop – which is hard material best for sanding and pre-polishing to be used with a cutting compound for best results. Israel is a sovereign nation that covers an area of about 20,770 sq. The UAE became only the third Arab. Haifa is the principal port of Israel, handling around 30 million tons of cargo and over 2 million passengers every year. Attribution is required. shaded relief 29. Directly access the most recent information for U. The Hellenistic World (240 BCE) Hurrian Kingdoms and Peoples. Tel Aviv–Yafo, major city and economic centre in Israel, situated on the Mediterranean coast some 40 miles (60 km) northwest of Jerusalem. Full size detailed political map of Israel. King David and King Solomon. The concept of the Promised Land is the central national myth of Zionism, the Jewish national movement that in 1948 established Israel as a Jewish state in the Land of Israel. Overlay the two maps in these links, and you'll get a decent. Israel (/ ˈ ɪ z r i. ". : You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix – to adapt the work; Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. km in West Asia. Description: The Physical Map of Israel showing major geographical features like elevations, mountain ranges, deserts, seas, lakes, plateaus, peninsulas, rivers, plains, landforms and other topographic features. . Israel Libano pt. Life expectancy is over 75 years, and infant mortality about 7 per thousand, comparing favorably with Europe and North America. This expertly researched map details the country with unparalleled information not found in traditional road maps. It is about a two-hour drive. Israel-Hamas Conflict: What We Know So Far. Legend. e. [4] The Erez Crossing, in the north of the Gaza Strip, is the only crossing point for people and goods coming from Israel into the Gaza Strip; there exists a. 07 Ex VAT: €9. U. 1 million people in 2013 and 6. 7. A graphic by War Mapper showed the locations of the clashes in Mefalsim, and in. Videos released by the Israeli military show a tunnel under Al-Shifa Hospital and what it described as hostages taken on Oct. Israel three airports as its shown in the map of Israel airports are as follow: Ben Gurion International Airport (IATA code: TLV) near Tel Aviv is the largest and busiest international airport in. 5 x 6. t. Jordan's highest point marked on the map by a yellow upright triangle is located at the southern edge of this upland region. These all-in-one kits contain a polishing mop for use with an electric drill or flexible drive shafts for easy use, as well as compounds for each stage of the finishing process. Historical map of Israel. Telephone. Negev desert, near Kibbutz Re'im. 4 million more people live in United States). In 2022, the civil government recorded 73. +. By the beginning of the 21st century, the modern city of Tel. POLITICAL Map of Israel. More than 75 years after Israel declared statehood, its borders are yet to be entirely settled. Telephone. Debunked Palestinian map on a Finnish high school matriculation exam. 14 David Flusser Street. Since then, the Israeli government has established a two-tiered legal and political system that provides comprehensive rights for Jewish Israeli settlers while imposing military rule and control on. Hamas has taken some of the. In reporting on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, I. Ancient Israel refers mostly to the Iron Age timeline of the Kingdom of Judah and the Kingdom of Israel. Sea of Galilee, lake in Israel through which the Jordan River flows. Arab Attacks. svg 614 × 1,141; 141 KB. Arab Revolt Stage 1: Palestinian Arabs revolt against British rule, demanding Arab independence and a cessation of Jewish immigration. Militants from the armed Palestinian group Hamas launched a multi-pronged assault on Israel early Saturday from the coastal Gaza Strip. 3d Hebrew Topographic Map of Israel (myisrael. The F-15 has a range of 3,500 kilometers, but it is unknown if it has been modified to serve a nuclear role. Last Updated: October 16, 2023 CNN —. Few places on earth stir up passion the way that Israel does: the breathtaking beauty of its hills and valleys, the eerie stillness of the Dead Sea, the multi-colored canyon of Makhtesh Ramon, and the ancient walls and pathways of Nazareth and Jerusalem. The conflict began when Hamas militants launched their deadly cross. Israel dropped thousands of munitions daily on targets across Gaza, but especially in the territory’s north. The following map shows you the division of land between Israel and Palestine from 1948 to 2005. and most other countries in. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled GNU Free. [3] Various attempts have been made to resolve the conflict as part of the Israeli–Palestinian peace process, alongside other efforts to resolve the broader. png 800 × 400; 101 KB. A surprise. Whether the United Monarchy existed - and, if so, to what extent - is a matter of ongoing academic debate, and. Much of the Palestinians’ land is divided by Israeli military checkpoints. The country is divided into 6 states—Central, Jerusalem, Haifa, Northern, Southern, and Tel Aviv—and into 15 substates as its. Yemen’s Houthi rebels seized the Israeli-linked cargo ship in a crucial Red Sea shipping route on Sunday, Nov. Mapping the Israel-Hamas Conflict. ancient israel map. View, download, and print BIDMC Boston Campus maps for the east and west campus. Map of Israel-Survey of Israel, 1961. is 100 sq miles. Cuando venció al sha de la duda, el emperador se convirtió en una señal de esperanza para su gente. . Israel Map - Physical Map of Israel. We search over 500 approved car hire suppliers to find you the very best Israel rental prices available. Tel Aviv. (Hebrew: רַכֶּבֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל, Rakevet Yisra'el) is the state-owned principal railway company responsible for all inter-city, commuter, and freight rail transport in Israel. Geographically, it belongs to the Asian continent and is part of the Middle East region. Click to enlarge. Meanwhile, the population of Texas is ~25. Wall Frame 27" x 40" (Shipped Separately) + $49. Unlike to the Maphill's physical map of Israel, topographic map uses contour lines instead of colors to show the shape of the surface. The violence is the worst since 2014, when Israel’s seven-week invasion of Gaza and Hamas’s rocket fire ultimately claimed 2,200 lives, rendered large areas of the Gaza Strip. Inhabited since at least the 15th century B. Used in West Bank since 1950. Click on any image to see it on a screen where you may be able to download it. Thousands of new, high-quality pictures added every day. Bookstore Glossary Library Links News Publications Timeline Virtual Israel Experience. The 48 contiguous US states: 8,080,464 sq. Israel Linea verde. This map was created by a user. The International Court of Justice (ICJ) has referred to the West Bank. Collection of detailed maps of Israel. com FREE DELIVERY possible on eligible. The Jerusalem portion of the road begins at. The network is centered in Israel's densely populated coastal plain, from. Satellite. Subscribe to. All maps in this product arrives laminated. Israel on Thursday raided Gaza’s al-Shifa hospital for a second day in a row. From this point on, there would be two kingdoms of Hebrews: in the north - Israel, and in the south - Judah. Get directions, maps, and traffic for Israel. By. The city of Beit Hanoun, once home to more than. In 2017, the country has an estimated population of 8,760,000, and a population density of 395 people per square kilometer. Map location, cities, capital, total area, full size map. A spokesperson for the Israel Defense Forces told ABC News that, as of 1 p. He then inspired and gave miraculous strength to Samson in order to free. [email protected] comes pre-installed with most Unix and Linux distributions. SIMPLE Map of Israel. The State of Israel ( Medinat Yisrael) came into existence as the homeland for the Jewish people at the termination of Mandatory British Palestine on 14 May 1948, through the Israeli Declaration of Independence. The Palestinian territories (West Bank and Gaza Strip), and. It is the 5,755 feet (1,754 m) tall Mount Ramm. During Monday’s White House press briefing, National Security Counsel Coordinator for Strategic Communications John Kirby took a question about pro-Palestine protesters referring. The following maps were produced by the U. (Mustafa Hassona/Anadolu via Getty. Districts Map. Israel - United States Department of State. The UN General Assembly had proposed to partition the British Mandate for Palestine into an Arab and. To the west of Israel is the Mediterranean Sea, which makes up the majority of Israel's 273 km (170 mi) coastline and the Gaza Strip. In New Testament times, Mt. The site above speaks of historical Jerusalem and Israel under international law, but ultimately it does not illustrate the boundries of ancient Israel nor does it compare the ancient kingdom's geography to that of the modern state. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu defended Israel's actions and goals in Gaza in an interview with Morning Edition 's Steve Inskeep on Friday. Free for commercial use High Quality ImagesPermission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. space technology firm Maxar Technologies. Directions. The following map shows you the division of land between Israel and Palestine from 1948 to 2005. Click on the. Initially formed as a homeland for the Jewish people following the Holocaust in World War II, Israel has. It is a familiar, devastating cycle of. With a height of 1,208 meters, Mount Meron is the highest point in Israel, and the Dead Sea is the lowest point in the country. Roque Ruiz. S. Related biblical, religious and historical English terms include the Land of Canaan, the Promised Land, the Holy Land, and Palestine. Size of this PNG preview of this SVG file: 465 × 600 pixels. This item: Raised Relief 3D Map of Israel (MEDIUM: 14. Click on the map for a larger image. In about 931 B. The depopulated provinces were filled with colonists from the conquered countries of the East. Middle East. Jordan accused far-right Israeli Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich of violating the peace agreement between the two countries after he gave a speech in Paris at a podium featuring a map that included Jordan and the occupied West Bank as part of Israel and said the Palestinian people were "an invention. Learn how to create your own. Map shows Israel and the surrounding countries with international borders, district (mahoz) boundaries, district capitals, major cities, main roads, railroads, and major airports. State and region boundaries; roads, places, streets and buildings satellite photos. Anti-Semitism Biography History Holocaust Israel Israel Education Myths & Facts Politics Religion Travel US & Israel Vital Stats Women. Bethlehem, town in the West Bank, situated in the Judaean Hills 5 miles (8 km) south of Jerusalem. All its lines are standard gauge. In reporting on the. The maps shows the country of Israel (shaded yellow) as well as portions of its neighboring countries. Gilboa in Israel. With the information, it’s evident that Israel is smaller than most states in. Description: This map shows cities, towns, highways, main roads, secondary roads and railroads in Israel. Jerusalem (20 BCE - 70 CE) Jewish Communities in the Land of Israel (7th to 11th Centuries) Kingdom of David and Solomon. S. His son, who became King Solomon, is credited with building the first holy temple in ancient Jerusalem. Directions. Israel has a population of over 6. Map. They are commonly used on harder metals. Physical Map of Israel. Find any address in Jerusalem on the Google map of. 2000 BCE - c.